Detektiranje i razumijevanje dominantnih i aktualnih tema koje su bile predmetom izvještavanja u medijima kroz ovaj period, predstavlja osnovno težište znanstvene teorije rada i metodološkog pristupa. Kronološkim proučavanjem podataka, identificira se učestalost i vrsta izvještaja koji su obrađivali aktivnosti spomenute obavještajne službe. Također, važan element istraživanja čini i analiza povijesnog, sigurnosnog i nacionalno-regionalnog društveno-političkog konteksta koji predstavlja elementaran okvir za shvaćanje određenih pojava pri čemu se autor konzultira relevantnom domaćom i stranom znanstvenom i stručnom literaturom te provjerenim internetskim izvorima i podacima.

The article analyzes this event as a turning point for the international security architecture, in comparison with the wave of radicalization initiated by ISIS in the past decade. So, the premise of the article emphasizes that the Hamas terrorist attack represented a trigger for a new wave of extremism with global reverberations. By using a methodology based on a comparative analysis, the article intends to extract the lessons learned from the wave of terrorism generated by ISIS in relation to the new elements identified in the wave of extremism in development determined by Hamas.

During the last decade, Telegram was Salafi-Jihadi organizations’ main messaging platform for both institutional and non-institutional media houses. However, in late November 2019, the 16th Referral Action Day coordinated by EUROPOL took place and forced Salafi-Jihadi propaganda operators to adopt what was described by Ali Fisher and Nico Prucha as the Multiplatform Communication Paradigm (MCP) to create a more resilient digital network. Among the messaging platforms, there was Rocket.Chat, which became their primary launchpad and digital safe haven.

The emergence of terrorism and geography as a science are inextricably linked due to the significant sociocultural characteristics of the population that inhabits a specific geographical region. For example, terrorist movements and associated crimes, such as weapons proliferation, money laundering, smuggling, etc., possess spatial and temporal dimensions.

For decades, disinformation has slowly plagued the ability for humans to become a well-informed citizenry. For the past eight years, at least, disinformation has plagued the American political system until it is almost entirely indistinguishable from factual information for the common American.

Artificial intelligence has the potential to bring supremacy to its owners in achieving strategic goals. One of the ways in which artificial intelligence helps to create superiority is through the creation and use of disinformation. The spread of disinformation with the aim of achieving political goals is not new, but it is happening more and more often as platforms for those whose goal is to create and spread them and cause hybrid conflicts are developed.

This paper endeavors to conduct an in-depth analysis of Kremlin's application of reflexive control to influence decision making processes in Serbia. The study closely examines how Russia successfully manipulated the information landscape to its benefit by understanding and shaping the internal dynamics of its partner and leveraging existing fault lines.

Influence operations, like all other operations, have their own tactics, planners, carriers and goals. Influence operations can be informative in the form of transmitting certain content, but they can also be demonstrations and incitement of discontent through organizing gatherings. In this paper, we want to investigate a special category of carriers called opinion makers and to better understand some of the key patterns of action, identification and attribution of such operations. Early detection of impact operations is a key to cutting off harmful effects.

In the Netherlands, a method has been developed – and tested – that has a high potential to address both issues at the same time. Firstly, the exercise is designed such that it will detach the security officers from their daily routine and thinking. As part of it, the participants have to invent – and play – a mythical persona, with mythical powers, that are a threat for the interests they must protect. This approach will get the officers out of their daily routine, and lead to a free way of thinking – detached from their daily work. Above that, the mythical powers of their persona trigger a creative approach on finding possible new modus operandi.

Striking at the core of the Dayton peace bargain, the anti-Dayton unitarists want the DPA to guarantee BiH’s external borders, while urging the international community to dismiss the DPA designed two-entity state structure (important to Serbs) or ethnic power-sharing (important to Croats) to impose a centralized, unitary state with a majority rule, or the so-called “civic state.” However, besides thwarting (Serb) secessionism and (Croat) separatism, the purpose of Dayton has been to prevent (Bosniak) majoritarianism.

Postoje brojni i složeni izazovi u zaštiti nacionalnih interesa na Jadranu. Međutim, uz optimalnu uporabu i odgovornost svih korisnika i mjerodavnih organizacija mogu se naći primjereni modeli za njihovo rješavanje. Zbog toga je težište rada na sagledavanju i definiranju suvremenih izazova kao i strategije zaštite važnih nacionalnih interesa, vidljivo na primjeru vojnog modela uporabe i zaštite vrijedne mikrolokacije na Jadranu kao što je zaštićeno područje Rt Kamenjak.

Russian authorities are fueling new political and interethnic conflicts through their secret services and the pro-Russian structures they created in the region on a continual basis in order to push back Western influence on the Western Balkans and especially in order to hinder those countries from being integrated into the EU and the NATO, and they are also sabotaging the efforts by the EU and the USA to normalize relationships between Serbia and Kosovo, and they are likewise supporting Serbian separatist endeavors in Bosnia-Hercegovina.

Cilj provedenog istraživanja jest pregled teorijskih aspekata ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj kao čimbenika gospodarskog rasta te analiza gospodarskog stanja te stanje ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj u Bosni i Hercegovini.

The contemporary landscape of cyber threats presents a multifaceted array of challenges, characterized by the involvement of diverse actors ranging from non-state entities like organized crime syndicates and terrorist organizations to state-sponsored operatives affiliated with nations such as China, Russia, and Iran

Hibridna inteligencija prikazana je ključnim čimbenikom koji je u kiberprostoru omogućio da se ova kategorija korisničkih podataka koristi za stvaranje hibridnih prijetnji. Člankom se želi ukazati na to da su sustavi umjetne inteligencije koje koriste društvene mreže ljudskom čimbeniku omogućile učinkovitije iskorištavanje slabosti političkog i društvenog uređenja na osnovu osobnih podataka o uvjerenjima i sklonostima korisnika društvenih mreža koji toga nisu dovoljno svjesni.

The recognition that national interest encompasses both internal and external dimensions, related to the political stability and order of the state as well as its international position and security, underscores the paper's significance. This enhanced matrix offers researchers and policymakers a more comprehensive tool for nuanced analyses of national security concerns.

Nature of influence operation differs in accordance of strategic goals of involved actors. Impact of influence operations is not same in peace and war time.

The analysis is framed within the academic fields of strategic communication, military innovation theory, and theories on the mediatization of war. It aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Ukrainian strategic communication by focusing on how it is shaped and functions within specific historical, cultural, political, and social milieus, thus offering a holistic view of its evolution and impact during wartime.

This paper gives an overview of Democratic Security, a model created in order to answer to two primary questions: what does it mean to posit democracy and the rule of law as critical assets?

The numerous security challenges, that we are faced with daily, point to the need for a comprehensive development of the EU's abilities and capabilities in creating and strengthening preventive and deterrent defense and security capacities. They should be complementary to NATO abilities and capabilities.

While relating to the Iranian involvement in the war in Ukraine, we need to refer to some relevant studies, that can illuminate the rationale of states sponsoring terror. Scholars related to the support terror groups receive as ideology, budget, or training facilities, from states that sympathize with their cause and share an identical agenda. Their targets are chosen thorough a decision-making process according to the probability that the terror groups' demands will be attained more effectively, and thus, the related attacks are considered as successful.

Zajedničkim djelovanjem četiri ključna čimbenika – završetak Hladnoga rata, promjene u različitim oblicima sukobljavanja i ratovanja, povećani obujam pretvorbe i privatizacije u mnogim područjima kao i koncentracija velike količine svjets-koga bogatstva kod malog postotka vrlo bogatog stanovništva, nastaju nove tržišne niše i potrebe za pojavom industrije koju zovemo industrija sigurnosti. Okončanje Hladnoga rata dovelo je do značajnog smanjenja broja oružanih snaga, a u istom razdoblju i do porasta općih sigurnosnih ugroza suvremenog doba.

From the aspect of crisis communication, that is what we will call a sudden and unforeseen situations that puts people's lives, property, safety, health and psychological stability at risk and that require a rational and calm response and a strategic approach to its management. It is clear that the war in Ukraine has become a communication war, a war of propaganda, information and disinformation.

In this interdisciplinary analysis, we delve into the intricate web of factors that converge in Albania, one of the Western Balkans' pivotal countries, to explore the interplay between Salafism, terrorism, and the broader socio-political landscape (Karagiannis, 2014).

This study delves into three pivotal case studies, analyzing some of the influential figures driving Russo-Serbian influence operations in Montenegro. It seeks to determine whether these instances can be categorized as cognitive warfare tactics, whether they are coordinated and what is the level of their impact.

Terrorists have adeptly seized upon the potential of cyberspace, strategically imitating successful tactics employed by like-minded, assimilating lessons from past mistakes, and adapting to exigencies of both the present and future.

In this article, it is explored in what ways we can warn in order to protect our way of life and our critical infrastructures. This is done from a methodological perspective.

Masovni mediji više ne prenose samo interpretacije svršenih događaja ili modeliraju narativ nego i uče ciljanu publiku kako pravilno razmišljati time producirajući bihevioralni ishod političkog i socijalnog karaktera. Posljedično političko-sigurnosnom evolucijom, komunikacija je postala sredstvom novog hibridnog rata gdje je cilj kognitivna superiornost kao ultimativni alat podčinjavanja i vladanja.

Various authors write that there have been many developments in smaller intellectual centers around the world for the potential development of cyber control of basic thought processes for large segments of the world's general population.

Decisions made by military commanders based on technological progress accelerates developments and tempo of battlefields and can fundamentally influence the course of military operations in a theater.

As is known, the technology of hybrid war involves achieving the greatest effect by combining informational, economic, political and other actions with limited military operations. If the hybrid actions do not achieve the goal, then, as evidenced by the experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war, there is a transition to unlimited military actions.

Ukraine became the object of military aggression by Russia, which became the realization of the final phase of hybrid aggression. This aggression has been carried out without stopping all the time since the independence of Ukraine.

The modern organization of today is an organization of change – therefore an organization of projects. Constant progress and projects are needed to “keep afloat” in the business world. Structurally and process-oriented, where structure adapts to the processes. The efficiency of processes relies on human factors – BEHAVIOUR factors.

For decades, the African continent witnessed organized looting of its natural resources and capabilities by the major colonial powers. This region is rich in its various resources, and African labor was vital fuel for the industrial revolution in Europe during the nineteenth century. With the emergence of the liberation waves during the middle of the last century, most African states gave development projects the highest priority in their political agenda.

The media and political scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina is extremely active and creative. It institutionalizes and perfectly channels a huge amount of negativity and a strong desire for domination of one nation over another with many innovative lies. Among other things, a hybrid war against the Croat and Serb constituent peoples is being waged through television, internet, and print media, with the aim of building a Bosniak nation-state with the camouflaged name of civil B&H (one man one vote).

Russia surprised the international community when it decided to invade Ukraine on 24th of February 2022. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the launch of a "military operation" in Ukraine under the pretext of protecting the separatist regions of Donetsk and Luhansk. Putin called on Ukrainian soldiers to lay down their arms. Shortly after, the Russian army started bombing strategic facilities in the suburbs of Ukrainian cities, including Kyiv.

A rational decision-making process evolves calculating gains or losses of any possible theoretical outcome, as it is aimed towards arriving at the best calculated result one can choose. The decision maker provides an equivalent weight to various opinions, culminating with "Opposing" ones. His cabinet or council of experts backed by military personnel, convey their professional opinion.

From the EU and NATO perspective, shared resilience, the identification of key vulnerabilities and a shared risk assessment demand a synchronization of efforts between partners, member states, civil and private sectors, and the EU-NATO institutions to contribute towards the deterrence against hybrid threats. As a first line of defense, shared resilience requires a shared understanding of security threats as well as a shared awareness and assessment of joint vulnerabilities and security risks. It also demands flexibility, institutional adaptability, responsiveness, strong leadership and cooperation, knowledge transfer and a rapid, agile, and efficient decision-making process.

In this context, settlement of an armed conflict is considered as a process of coherent interaction between international structures responsible for international security and peacekeeping as well as for security and defense sector components that can be targeted at protecting national interests in order to take all possible actions and measures conducted simultaneously or sequentially to solve issues that have led to unleashing the conflict.

Russia has a two-pronged approach to Ukraine, combining a significant increase in conventional forces with non-military operations aimed at undermining Ukraine's economic, political and military independence. The Russian-Ukrainian crisis could be a turning point for European security.

This paper reviews the Chinese model of digital authoritarianism and highlights its implications for democracy and civil liberties, since China is aiming to export its model around the globe.

Hybrid threats aim to exploit a country’s vulnerabilities and often seek to undermine fundamental democratic values and liberties.

The primary objective of this article is to analyse why the concept of hybrid warfare is so contested in the way it has so far been conceptualised by international security scholars and practitioners. In addition, this article will briefly discuss possible implications of the lack of con-ceptual clarity surrounding hybrid warfare for the West’s defence policy.

The coronavirus pandemic has put a lot of pressure on governments around the world to quickly and timely ease the crisis and take swift action to stop the disease. The response of different states in the world to the pandemic was different and they chose various strategies to stop the crisis.

The strategic realignment of the United Kingdom, USA, Japan, and Australia that has been in place since 2021 to contain China's international activism is a signal of a highly protective containment strategy currently deployed by the western allies Preuzmite članak u PDF formatuled by Washington, but it is especially proof that Chinese policies are creating counter-reactions.

In intelligence, threats constitute actions, facts, states, capabilities, strategies, plans with an impact on national security objectives, values and interests. They are, usually, firmly delimited from risks and vulnerabilities, and can be internal or external, traditional, asymmetric, hybrid, conventional or non conventional, traditional or non traditional.

Human Analysis is likely to develop more towards to limit the number of data taken into account, but those data will have a high causal significance. Machine Analysis, on the other hand, will process huge amount of data and focus on correlations in the first place. Augmented Intelligence, will be a merger of both, that can manifest itself by different combinations of both.

Among the social factors that significantly influence immigration policies in the European Union, the authors singled out the following: demography, identity-culture, economy, socio-political and security factors. The main goal is to see how these social factors affect the intensity of immigration. The authors opt for MIPEX as an instrument for measuring immigration policy, which expresses political tendencies towards the integration of migrants.

Hybrid warfare perhaps fits best into Sun Tzu's philosophy of war, the essence of which is to defeat the enemy in the shortest possible time with as little material and technical resources, and lost human lives, as possible, both on the side of the attacker and the defender.  

A review of the literature and its analysis provides an overview of the main findings of prominent realists who shaped the national interest and created a solid foundation for future research: Hans Morgentau, Raymond Aron, and Kenneth Waltz. Consequently, the scientific goals of this paper are to summarize the scope and manner of national interest’s thematization in realist’s research and, to analyze the significance of their scientific contribution to the Science of Security.