The research has led to the conclusion that a systematic, continuous, and synchronised distri-bution of disinformation in a form of disinfor-mation campaign can have negative impact on public opinion and trust. Therefore, such de-signed disinformation efforts require a quick and systematic reaction of the government.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation invaded the territory of a neighbouring sovereign state. This invasion was unprovoked. The only goal was to destroy Ukraine as a state. The article by Ukrainian authors provides their view on preparation, execution and future prospects of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Russian aggression in 2014 forced the state leadership and the entire Ukrainian people to face the problems of the Armed Forces in general and the Army in particular. The issues of staffing, armament, financing, provision of measures to prepare troops for operations began to be resolved much more effectively

Considering the hybridity of existing and emerging conflicts and wars, societies and states should be prepared for these challenges by integrating their own capabilities at the national and international level. In this process, the protection of critical infrastructures plays a significant role. Especially those that are considered as a key critical infrastructure.

S obzirom na hibridnost postojećih i budućih sukoba i ratova, društva i države se trebaju pripremiti na te izazove integriranjem vlastitih sposobnosti na nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini. U tom procesu, butnu ulogu ima i zaštita kritičnih infrastruktura. Posebno onih koje se smatraju ključnim kritičnim infrastrukturama.

The Ukraine war broke many military axioms relating to Russia which were, for decades, accepted at face value. The combat abilities of the Russian army proved to be far below those attributed to it by Western intelligence analysis during the decades of the Cold War and much beyond.

This report was prepared on the basis of public source material and presents a summary of the criticisms directed against the various forms of manipulation used by the U.S. organization National Endowment for Democracy through various other private, non-government or humanitarian organizations.  Among them, emphasis is placed on four entities: International Republican Institute (IRI), National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), American Center for International Labor (connected with the International Labor Union AFL-CIO) and the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE).

The phenomenon of "political correctness" now so popular in the West, and especially in the United States, is based upon linguistic euphemism, the cloaking of evil, misfortune and unpleasant topics in terms designed to spare one's feelings.  People do not fail in endeavors, they "underachieve".  People are not fat, but "gravitationally challenged" and a corpse is not a corpse but a "non-living  person". There is a mortal fear, as Robert Hughes points out in his bestseller "Culture of Complaint", that the "concrete will give offense."

Within the current international order, there are four instruments and sources of national state power:  public diplomacy, information, the military, and the economy.  Information has become the main weapon and the media an open battlefield.  Operations of influence, public diplomacy, and strategic communication represent “soft power” that is more lethal than military force.

Through its natural flow through the City of Zagreb, the Sava river has always been a latent threat to the flooding of its surrounding area. In 1895. there were two major floods that flooded not only the areas along the Sava river but also the Lower Town streets. After several major floods causing large damage from the middle till the end of the 19th century, in 1899 a decision was made on the beginning of the Sava river regulation at the City of Zagreb.

One of the major Critical Infrastructures in each country is the one of electric energy. A case study on the protection of electric energy critical infrastructure, covering production and transmission networks, is “the case of Greece” .

Problematiku upravljanja vodom u Gradu Zagrebu možemo promatrati kroz dva aspekta – vodu kao prirodnu prijetnju od poplava i vodu kroz upravljanje i gospodarenje kao prirodnim resursom bitnim u svakodnevnom životu. 

Often nuclear opponents and NGOs such as Greenpeace   point to the vulnerabilities of nuclear power plants and recall the memory of Chernobyl and Fukushima. Every time, the State authorities and the manufacturers answer that all necessary measures are taken to prevent threats and avoid accidents.

During the last few centuries, SEE was the scene of conflict between many international factors and imperial policies led by various national, political, ethnic, and economic and security interests. These conflicts were, very often, in a function of gaining the dominance in other geographical areas. For the purposes of this study, we divided conflicts in two main groups according to the priority interests of the actors involved...

Energy systems are relatively attractive targets for terrorist attacks and should be adequately protected. The quantitative risk analysis (QRA), with the threat assessment as one of its standard components, is considered to be a promising methodological framework for optimizing such protection.
This paper presents the results of the research which consisted of two parts. In the first part the statistical analysis of the terrorist attacks towards energy systems was performed. The input data were derived from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Within the analysis relative contributions of the attacks on energy systems to the total number of attacks were determined. Also, it was examined how those contributions are influenced by various factors related to the characteristics of the target, terrorist group and the environment in which the group operates.

The paper presents implemented physical security systems on an Oil Pipeline Terminal in Croatia, concept of operations and standardized procedures for an effective critical infrastructure protection solution.

The year 2022 will probably mark the end of the German nuclear age. Nevertheless the question of how to secure the transport of nuclear energy material will remain relevant for an indefinite period of time: neither does the Federal Republic of Germany have final repository nor is it building one. The transport of nuclear material includes a high number of risk factors, e.g. terror threats and the risk of natural disasters. The article analyses the specific case of the German nuclear policy by looking at the past and current situation and by taking future developments into account.

This paper presents the review of the issue of critical infrastructure in the City of Zagreb and the role of the Emergency Management Office in the above themes. There will be described operations and analysis at the level of the Office in the segment of civil protection reaffirmation, ie. the training of its members, which should be a significant support to operational forces in the event of an accident or disaster during an earthquake, being the biggest threat to the City of Zagreb.

Certain Critical Infrastructure assets, including systems and networks, were considered vital for the normal operation of all public services, in every well organized community. In order to be controlled in an efficient way, Critical Infrastructure assets are modular separated in various Sectors

The testimony of Stjepan Mesić is the subject matter of this analysis. In it, we will not deal with indictments against the Croats in The Hague, we will not analyse political circumstances or activities of the Hague Tribunal or the Prosecutor as well as testimonies given by other witnesses or documents produced in the Court. Instead, we will focus on what Stjepan Mesić told investigators...

U današnjem svijetu odvija se nemilosrdna borba za prevlast na tržištu i geopolitičkoj sceni, a prava informacija dobivena u pravo vrijeme i iskorištena na pravi način može donijeti prednost ili čak konačnu pobjedu. Informacija je u današnjem svijetu postala kritičan faktor za opstanak poslovnih organizacija, oružanih snaga pa i čitavih država.

"The European Community, which would, in the form of a union of European states, use the combined forces of European countries to prevent the further deterioration of the position of individual European nations could be the most suitable framework for actualizing the idea of co-existence in today's world". In 1968, Tuđman the historian wrote that the program of European integration into a “union of European states” (in today's terminology, the EU) was impossible to achieve or even imagine without Germany, more precisely a reunified Germany. Thus, he predicted that a reunified Germany was not only necessary, but vital. In other words, there could be no European integration without a reunified Germany, just as there could be no reunified Germany without a European integration strategy.

Širenjem mita o podjeli Bosne i Hercegovine u Karađorđevu, pojavio se prostor da osobe koje su radile na ovim člancima i kartama realiziraju svoju težnju da javnosti nametnu svoj svjetonazor u kojem je podjela Bosne i Hercegovine u Karađorđevu stvarni događaj. To se vidi već u prvom članku u kojem se argumentira ništavnom argumentacijom, a pogotovo prikrivanjem autorstva karata u ostalim člancima i popratnim dijelovima teksta kojima se sugerira da su karte autentični materijal s pregovaračkih stolova hrvatskih i srpskih timova. Suradnik Globusa Slaven Letica potvrdio je da prvi članak nije djelo tima eksperata nego njegov rad. Bivši glavni urednik Globusa Denis Kuljiš opisao je kako su se opremali članci i pridodavale im se karte. Na temelju prikazane analize svega toga, može se zaključiti da je manipulacija autorstvom karata svjesno provedena informacijska operacija kojom se čitatelje treba uvjeriti da je podjela Bosne i Hercegovine u Karađorđevu stvaran događaj. Budući da je to je prva opširna i sustavna informacijska operacija na temu podjele Bosne i Hercegovine, može se reći da je ona zametak svih budućih informacijskih operacija na tu temu.

Bolnice s lijekovima, kirurškim i sanitetskim materijalom te opremom bile su, dijelom pod kontrolom JNA. Jedna o ozbiljnijih posljedica agresije i gospodarskog osiromašenja Republike Hrvatske bila je i nestašica lijekova. Civilne ustanove nisu, u tom trenutku, bile spremne preuzeti selekcioniranje i distribuciju lijekova, sanitetskog i kirurškog materijala. U tu svrhu Ministarstvo zdravstva, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu te druge ustanove, upućuju apele hrvatskoj dijaspori, dok liječnici i pojedine organizacije svojem članstvu u dijaspori upućuju precizne zahtjeve za pomoć u najnužnijem sanitetskom materijalu, lijekovima i opremi.

Svojim grafičkim i likovnim rješenjima, hrvatske poštanske marke prenosile su i još uvijek prenose, informacije i poruke koje tako ostaju pohranjene i zabilježene u malom i specifičnom formatu kao svjedočanstva jednog doba, događaja, ljudi i njihovih međusobnih odnosa. Hrvatske poštanske marke na taj način postaju neizbježna činjenica i sastavnica svakidašnje ljudske komunikacije koja nepobitno utječe na oblikovanje javnog znanja u vremenu izdavanja, ali i kasnijeg korištenja za buduće naraštaje.

Primjena nasilnih metoda prema protivnicima jednopartijskog totalitarnog sustava vuče porijeklo još iz vremena sovjetske Čeke koja je jugoslavenskim komunistima poslužila kao uzor organiziranja i djelovanja vlastitog represivnog sustava. Osobe koje su tražile demokratizaciju društva i države, stvaranje i razvoj demokratskog sustava, bile su izložene snažnoj represiji, pa čak i likvidacijama, živjeli u inozemstvu ili u Jugoslaviji.

Premda asimetrično ratovanje nije nova pojava, nakon završetka Hladnog rata značajno je intenziviran ovaj oblik ratovanja. Bit asimetričnog ratovanja je i danas nepromijenjena - nastojanje slabije strane da postigne pobjedu nad nadmoćnijim protivnikom korištenjem nekonvencionalnih načina djelovanja. Vođenje asimetričnog rata prisiljava vojne organizacije država Zapada da pronađu metode kojima mogu adekvatno odgovoriti ovoj ugrozi.

Razni elementi društva pokušavaju ostvariti svoju dominaciju u javnom informacijskom prostoru pomoću tehnika informacijskog ratovanja, odnosno tehnikama manipuliranja informacijama. Jedna od njih je inverzija istine. U medijskom obilježavanju dvadesete godišnjice pada Vukovara mogu se vidjeti elementi informacijskog rata te preko njih dokazati njegovo postojanje u hrvatskom informacijskom prostoru.

Ponukani novinarskim prilogom o padu Vukovara koji je objavljen 20.11.2011. u središnjem Dnevniku HRT-a, te mnogobrojnim komentarima u drugim medijima, smatramo potrebnim ukazati upravo na činjenicu da je taj novinarski prilog bio u funkciji nametanja percepcije potpunom distorzijom istine. To ćemo dokazati na jednoj od tema koje se dotaknuo taj prilog: o Optužnici koju je u radijski eter pročitao Siniša Glavašević.

Zapisnik sa sastanka predsjednika RH dr. Franje Tuđmana sa vojnim dužnosnicima, održanog dana 31. srpnja 1995. godine na Brijunima

Svaka država da bi opstala mora se temeljiti na osjećaju pripadnosti njezinih građana i naroda toj državi, na konsenzusu oko bitnog sustava vrijednosti i načina ostvarivanja zajedničkih interesa. Zbog toga je za budućnost Bosne i Hercegovine bitno je li moguća izgradnja zajedničkog identiteta i sustava vrijednosti koje prihvaća većina građana i pripadnici svih njezinih konstitutivnih naroda. Istraživanje o mišljenju građana BiH o ostvarivanju ljudskih prava, demokracije i slobode koje je u srpnju 2010. provela agencija PULS ruši stereotipe o BiH kao podijeljenom društvu.

Politika i strategija hrvatskoga predsjednika dr. Franje Tuđmana, u stvaranju hrvatske države i u njezinoj obrani, kako se to vidjelo iz perspektive Beograda „bila je konzistentno oblikovana, priopćena bez sustezanja, ostvarivana korak po korak, bez radikalnih promjena i lomova”. I njegov sastanak s generalima 31. srpnja 1995. u 10 sati i 50 minuta na Brijunima počinje upravo tako, jasno i bez suvišnih riječi.

Najrazvijenije zemlje definiraju nacionalne informacijske strategije kako bi osigurale „dominaciju punog spektra“. Operacije utjecaja, javna diplomacija i strateško komuniciranje imaju ključnu ulogu u oblikovanju stranih javnosti. Suvremeni priručnici kojima se definira vođenje i upravljanje informacijskim operacijama, medijskim i psihološkim operacijama rađeni su na temelju iskustava i operacija koje su vođene od strane članica međunarodnih snaga i u Bosni i Hercegovini.

The author was recruited by the German Foreign Intelligence Service, BND, to work as a secret service member under the cover of his journalistic work. He gave some insight into the character of the BND´s Middle East operations in the 1980s and early 1990s, into some of the practical day-to-day activities of secret service work and wrote about some of his missions in the Middle East.

Prvi međunarodni model unutrašnjeg uređenja BiH, čije je prihvaćanje predstavljalo jedan od preduvjeta priznanju njene neovisnosti bio je Cutileirov plan (18. ožujka 1992). Po njemu je BiH imala biti (kon)federativnom tvorevinom triju, primarno na etničkom principu zasnovanih teritorijalno-samoupravnih jedinica. No tijekom ljeta iste godine došlo je do korijenite promjene međunarodnog odnosa prema pitanju unutrašnjeg uređenja. Rezultat te promjene očitovao se i u pojavi novog, Vance-Owenovog plana (2. siječnja 1993.) po kojem je BiH imala biti unitarnom decentraliziranom državom.

Planiranje i provođenje informacijskih operacija nastalih kao posljedica informacijskih strategija, s ciljem oblikovanja javnog znanja kod ciljane publike nisu novost niti posebno obilježje informacijskog doba. Naime, informacija se kao borbeno sredstvo koristi od samih početaka ljudskih sukoba, odnosno u procesima nametanja vlastite volje protivničkoj strani. U informacijskom dobu, informacija postaje primarno sredstvo u procesima nametanja vlastite volje ciljanim publikama, dok se oružane snage koriste izuzetno rijetko.

Rat ima dva aspekta: teoriju i praksu pri čemu se prvo sastoji od traženja i klasifikacije znanja o ratu dok drugo predstavlja primjenu znanja na aktualnoj ratnoj situaciji. Umijeće ratovanja, ratna vještina ili znanje ratovanja su sinonimi samo su rabljani u različitim društvenim epohama razvoja ljudske civilizacije, a temeljna razlika je u brzini protoka i količini informacija kojima vojskovođe upravljaju odnosno upravljanje znanjima kojima njihove vojske raspolažu.

Studija nastala na osnovi dviju izjava pod prisegom poručnika britanskog topništva Bernarda O'Sullivana o svom sudjelovanju u izručenju 900 Hrvata koji su se u svibnju 1945. predali britanskoj vojsci, a ona ih je izručila vojnicima jugoslavenske armije. Predaja tih 900 hrvatskih ratnih zarobljenika 24. svibnja 1945. bila je jedna od najvećih tragedija Drugog svjetskog rata i nikada se nije smjela dogoditi.

Reaching the final peace agreement under international support did not stop the Croatian struggle for equality and national viability. A part of Bosnia's political elite and some international circles of influence are trying to form a unitary Bosnian nation. Besides the weakness of the establishment which would have to unite different entities into a united political community, there is also a lack of one essential factor – the willingness of all ethnical communities to bocome one unitary nation.

The communist government of Bosnia and Herzegovina considered the Catholic Church a serious problem. At the beginning of the communist governance, the Church was considered a direct and dangerous enemy, later even a serious opponent. The communists used various repression methods against the Church at different points in time: murdering priests, destroying and confiscating Church property, as well as various methods of secret police control and disabling activities of the Church.

Miroslav Međimorec: MEDAČKI DŽEP - II DIO: Prijepori

Miroslav Međimorec: MEDAČKI DŽEP - I DIO: Nepostojeća bitka

There are many questions that should be asked and answered. Some answers we’ll get immediately, and for some we have to wait. Part of the documents became public; the Croatian Ministry of Defense declassified those concerning the Medak Pocket. Some of the documents are yet to be acquired – for instance the Medak Pocket military operation analysis done by American military attaché Colonel Richard Herrick. That analysis, according to General Bobetko, spoke of an “exemplary military operation”. From what General Bobetko quoted as a part of a conversation that took place in his office, Colonel Herrick proved to be impartial in his analysis. “Our embassy has been worried by incorrect statements and we’re interested in the results of the inquiry. We’re not going to protect anybody; we are only interested in the truth.”

On April 6, 1941, without a prior declaration of war, the German, Italian, Hungarian, and Bulgarian forces invaded Yugoslavia and defeated the Yugoslav Army in twelve days. On April 17, 1941, Yugoslav General Radoje Jankovie and the former Foreign Minister, Cincar Markovia, signed an act of unconditional surrender which took force at noon the following day, April 18. The epilogue: Yugoslavia vanished in a matter of days: the Germans, Italians, Bulgarian and Hungarians had virtually dismembered it.

The essay analyses the role of the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) in the war waged against Croatia from 1990 to 1992. The author draws attention to the fact that from the end of the 1980's, the JNA was an active party to the Serbian expansionist aspirations that gripped Yugoslavia after Tito's death. The Army's role is chronicled from the point of Croatia's democratisation in 1990 to its retreat in the spring of 1992, after having only partially executed the tasks that Serbian expansionist policy had delegated

In addition to its problematic activities in the area of foreign affairs, the Yugoslav communist government committed terrorist acts against its own citizens in the diaspora who opposed Yugoslav policies. Between 1945-1990, it organized the murder of 73 Croatian emigrants. With the disintegration of Yugoslavia, five new states emerged. One is Bosnia and Hercegovina. The author describes the birth and development of terrorist groups in this country, placing emphasis on today's most dangerous form, Islamic terrorism, which is supported by the Muslim government in Bosnia and Hercegovina, and thousands of "mujahedeen" who arrived during the war in Bosnia and Hercegovina to fight for Islam. Since the end of the war, Bosnia and Hercegovina has been a undeclared protectorate.

Macedonia epitomizes the unresolved national issue which the majority Macedonian and the minority Albanian people of the former Yugoslav republic faced after the disintegration of their common state. The Macedonian state occupies a geostrategical spot and is important to maintain the balance in the region. The Macedonian majority shares the border with Albanians, who at the end of the 20th century have not attained their national goals. After the Serbian retreat from the Kosovo province, Kosovo Albanians, together with those in South Serbia and western Macedonia, demanded their historical and national rights.

Agresija posrbljene jugoslavenske vojske uzrokovala je 1992. raspad bosanskohercegovačkog sustava zdravstvene zaštite. On se nije mogao održati bez pomoći izvana. Ta je pomoć 1992. i početkom 1993. bila gotovo isključivo hrvatska, dok je uključivanje međunarodne zajednice počelo tek krajem 1993. Herojskim naporima lokalnih zajednica Hrvatska je zajedno s međunarodnom zajednicom osigurala najosnovniju razinu zdravstvene njege za stanovništvo iz dijelova Bosne i Hercegovine pod srpskom okupacijom. Ipak, očuvanje i poboljšanje tog sustava zdravstvene zaštite do kraja je rata gotovo potpuno ovisio o pomoći međunarodne zajednice. Zemlja ne može osigurati svoju vlastitu budućnost ako nije u stanju organizirati i održavati osnovni socijalni sustav kao što je sustav zdravstvene zaštite. Zbog toga, ako se sadašnja rješenja ozbiljno ne razmotre, mogu propasti i međunarodni napori za očuvanjem nezavisne države Bosne i Hercegovine.

Hrvatska je igrala ključnu ulogu u upravljanju i okončanju humanitarne krize uzrokovane agresijom jugoslavenske vojske i srpskih paravojnih snaga u Bosni i Hercegovini. Između 1992. i 1995. Hrvatska je prihvatila tri vala izbjeglica i brinula se za više od 500.000 izbjeglica iz BiH; time je stvorila osnovne preduvjete za preživljavanje BiH kao države. Hrvatska je iz državnog proračuna za brigu o izbjeglicama izdvojila više od 1.000.000.000 američkih dolara. Čak je i danas oko 130.000 bosanskih izbjeglica smješteno u Hrvatskoj, a većina se njih još uvijek ne može vratiti svojim domovima. Europska zajednica i UN nisu mogli ni zaštititi živote civila niti spriječiti teška kršenja međunarodnog humanitarnog prava. S druge strane, hrvatska vojna operacija "Oluja", 1995. spasila je živote tisuća civila na bihaćkom području. Temeljita analiza hrvatskog doprinosa Daytonskom sporazumu i rješavanje humanitarne krize u BiH jasno otkrivaju da je međunarodna zajednica pozitivnu ulogu Hrvatske ozbiljno potcijenila i umanjila.