About the Contributors

Dr. Wilhelm Agrell is associate professor of history at the University of Lund (Sweden) and lecturer and consultant on intelligence analysis. He has written a number of works on security policy and the history and science of intelligence.

Dr. Ivan Bagarić (b. 1941, Tomislavgrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Specialized in public health; Assistant at the Medical Faculty, University of Mostar; Assistant Minister of Health in the Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina. Head of the Medical Headquarters for the HVO during the war, with the rank of Major-General. Elected twice to the Parliament of Bosnia and Hercegovina.

Lt-Gen. László Botz (b. 1944, Pestújhely, Hungary). Military education at the Military Academy (1966), War College (1980) and General Staff Course (1983). From 1969 to 1991, held various military positions, including Head of Division, Intelligence Division, and Deputy Director of Military Intelligence. From 1991 to 1995, held positions at the Ministry of Defense, including the Head of the Department of International Relations and Security Policy, Representative of Ministry of Defense, and the Hungarian Home Defense Forces at the Hungarian NATO Mission, Brussels. In 1995, appointed Director General of MIO. His foreign services include missions to the Republic of Vietnam (1973), United States (Assistant Military Attaché, 1976-1979), Italy (Defense Attaché, 1985-1990) and Belgium (Military Representative,1993-1995). He is married and has two grown children.

Gen. Todor K. Boyadjiev (b. 1939, Bulgaria). President of the Bulgarian Euro- Atlantic Intelligence Forum, Adjunct Professor in National Security and Intelligence at the universities of Sofia, Veliko Tarnovo and Bourges, and Official Senior Consultant to the Bulgarian National Television on national security matters. Studied at the University of Technology, Sofia, and has a Major in Electronics and Telecommunications. From 1967 to 1972, Deputy Commercial Counselor of Bulgaria to the United States. Elected member of IEEE in 1969. Former advisor to the Chairman of the State Committee on Science, Technical Progress, and Higher Education; previously employed at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (UN and Disarmament Department); former Counselor at the Permanent Mission of Bulgaria to the United Nations; former Minister Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In November 1990, by decree of the President of Republic of Bulgaria, received the military rank of General-Major. From February 1990 until June 1992, "Executive Secretary" - Deputy Minister to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Has headed the Information Division, International Department, Public Relations, Press Center, National Central Bureau of the I.C.P.O. INTERPOL, etc.

Grozdan Cvetkovski (b. 1956, Kriva Palanka, Macedonia) Holds B.Sc. in Faculty of Security in Skopje, and Master's Degree in International Political Relations from the Law Faculty, Skopje. Doctorate in progress: Political requirements of organized crime in post-communist countries, with a special emphasis on the conditions in the Republic of Macedonia. Worked in the Interior Ministry for many years. Former Director of the Security Faculty. Founder of the first detective agency in Macedonia. Current post: Director of Analysis in the Intelligence Agency of the Republic of Macedonia. Published works: Terrorism in the Modern World, Skopje, 1986; and What we fought for, Skopje, 1995.

Robert Gates (b. 1943, Kansas). He graduated with honors from the College of William and Mary in 1964, received a Masters degree from Indiana University in 1966, and a Ph.D. from Georgetown University 1974. He joined the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1966 as an analyst. from 1971 to 1973, he served as a staff member and intellgience advisor to the US Strategic Arms Limitations Talks Delegation. From 1974 - 1976, he was detailed to the National Security Council (NSC) staff. In 1977, he was reassigned to the NSC staff where he was Special Assistant to the National Security Advisor, Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski. In 1979, he returned to the CIA. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to the position of Executive Assistant to the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and was given additional senior level assignments. In 1982, he was named Deputy Director for Intelligence, where he was responsible for CIA analysis and production. He held this position until April, 1986, when he was nominated and confirmed as Deputy Director of Central Itnelligence. In January, 1989 he was named Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. He was the Director of Central Intelligence from November 1991 - January 1993. He started his career as an intelligence officer in CIA and enroute to the position of DCI worked in the White House staffs of four presidents.

Dr. Neven Henigsberg (b. 1963). Psychiatrist. Since 1991 has worked on health-related humanitarian activities, particularly on development of disaster management information system. From 1993 assumed position of Assistant Director of the Center for Development of Disaster Management Information System at the Medical School in Zagreb. Has led several humanitarian projects in cooperation with WHO, UNHCR and EC. Currently employed at the Medical School in Zagreb, Croatian Institute for Brain Research and Vrapee Psychiatric Hospital.

Dr. Miloš Judaš (b. 1961 in Petrinja, Croatia) Assistant Professor of Neuroscience and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb. Graduated from the School of Medicine, Zagreb, 1984; served with the Medical Headquarters of the Republic of Croatia (1991-1995) and Center for Crisis Management of the School of Medicine Zagreb (1993 - ). Vice-Dean for Research at the School of Medicine (1998-2000). Currently engaged in the scientific research program of the Croatian Institute for Brain Research in the field of developmental neurobiology and neuroscience.

Dr. Ivica Kostović (b. 1943 in Zagreb, Croatia): Professor of Neuroscience and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb. Graduated from the School of Medicine, Zagreb, 1967. Visiting Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston (1975-1976), Consultant for human neuroanatomy at the Yale University School of Medicine (1979 - ), Spinoza Professor at the University of Amsterdam (1990 - ). Former Deputy Head of the Medical Headquarters of the Republic of Croatia (1991-1995). Currently Director of the Croatian Institute for Brain Research at the School of Medicine, Zagreb.

Ivica Lučić (r. 1962. Ljubuški, BiH) Law Faculty Assistant at University of Mostar, (Bosnia and Herzegovina); lecturer at the Intelligence Academy in Zagreb (Republic of Croatia). Performed various official duties since 1991 in the area of security and intelligence in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia. After the war, awarded rank of Mayor-General. Elected twice to the Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where he was Deputy President of the Commission of Defense and Security of the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation.

Dr. Marko Radoš (b. 1963 in Seonica, B&H) Medical doctor, resident in radiology and assistant at the School of Medicine, University of Zagreb. Graduated from the School of Medicine, Zagreb, 1990; served with the Medical Headquarters of the Republic of Croatia (1991-1995) and Center for Crisis Management of the School of Medicine, Zagreb (1993 - ). Currently engaged in the scientific research program of the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (neuroradiology and developmental neuroscience).

Dr. Miroslav Tudjman (b. 1946, Belgrade) Professor of information theory at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Zagreb. Deputy Director of the Office for National Security (UNS) and the Director of the Croatian Intelligence Service (HIS) from 1993 to 1998, and from 1999 to 2000. Contributed to various scientific projects, published four books and over a hundred articles in scientific journals; editor of a dozen miscellaneous works. Active in research, both in the field of information theory and national security and intelligence.

Dr. Imre Varga (b. 1958, Miskolc, Hungary) graduated from the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Affairs (1982); PhD studies at the "Miklós Zrínyi" University of National Defense (1998). Began his career in 1982 as a junior diplomat at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1985 to 1991, served in Belgrade as an attaché, third, and second secretary in the Hungarian Embassy. From 1991 to 1994, desk officer, head of the unit of the Fourth Department (Southeast Europe), Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1994, appointed Deputy Head of Mission at the Hungarian Embassy, Zagreb. From 1999 on, head of a unit in the Department of EU Coordination, State Secretariat for Integration, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is married and has three sons.

Col. Gen. Markus Wolf (b. January 19, 1923 in Hechingen, South-Wurttemberg, Germany) emigrated with his parents to Switzerland and France (1933) and then to the Soviet Union (1934). Received Soviet citizenship in 1936. Attended high school in Moscow (1937-1940) and studied at the Institute for Flight Construction in Alma Ata (1940-1942); 1942-1943 attended the Communist Internationale School in Kuschnarenkowo; Editor, Speaker and Commentator for the German National Radio, Institute 205, in Moscow (1943-1945). In 1945 returned to Germany; 1945-1949 worked with the Berlin Radio (under the pseudonym Michael Storm); 1949 first counselor to the Mission of the GDR in Moscow; 1950-1951 renounced Soviet citizenship. 1951 employed in the Foreign Intelligence Department (Außenpolitischen Nachrichtendienst - APN), and in November, 1952, became director of APN; after APN was incorporated into the Ministry of State Security of the GDR, became director of new APN (1953). From 1956 on, delegated Minister of State Security and Head of the Foreign Intelligence Department, rank of Major General. 1980 promoted to Colonel General. Recipient of numerous high civil and military decorations and awards. 1983 requested retirement; left active duty in 1986 and became active as a writer. Summer of 1989, indictment issued in the Federal Republic of Germany against Wolf. Returned to Germany September 24, 1991 and was arrested at the German border and imprisoned. On October 4, 1991 released on bail. 1993 sentenced for treason to six years imprisonment (suspended); 1997 sentenced to two years probation and monetary fine. Publications: Die Troika, Berlin 1989; In My Own Service: Confessions and Insights, Munich 1991. Secrets of the Russian Cuisine, Hamburg 1995. Spy Chief in the Secret War: Reminiscences, Munich, 1997 (and in 15 other countries); The Art of Deception, Berlin 1998. Wolf is married and lives in Berlin.