Security and Intelligence Services in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ivo Lučić
Zagreb, Croatia

NOTES

1 Sisački NOP odred, Military Encyclopaedia, volume 8, Belgrade, 1974. The Sisak squad was the first partisan unit in Croatia (and in the territory of what was later to become Yugoslavia). It was formed on June 22, 1941, pursuant to a decision of the District Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia (as a Communist reply to Germany's attack against the Soviet Union).

2 "OZNA", Military Encyclopedia, volume 6, Belgrade, 1973, p. 495.

3 Idem

4 Idem

5 Bezbednosna obuka, SSNO Uprava bezbednosti, Beograd, 1975, Volume I p. 21.

6 Korpus narodne odbrane Jugoslavije (KNOJ), Military Encyclopaedia, Belgrade, 1972, p. 629.

7 Idem

8 Bezbednosna obuka, Belgrade, 1975, pp. 24-27.

9 Idem

10 Zoran Sekulić (1989). Pad i autnja Aleksandra Rankovića. Dositej: Belgrade. pp. 58-59. The Commission was set up at the meeting of the CK SKJ Executive Committee held in Belgrade on 16 June 1966. Krste Crkvenovski was elected president of the commission.

11 Z. Sekulić, 1989, pp. 78-85

12 Bezbednosna obuka, volume 1, SSNO, Uprava bezbednosti, Belgrade, 1975, pp. 30-31.

13 Milivoj Lekov (1975). Bezbednost SFRJ u svetlu odredbi Ustava i odgovarajuaih Saveznih zakona. "13. maj", SSUP magazine, Belgrade, no. 2, Year XXVIII, pp. 9, 20.

14 Zakon o osnovama državne bezbednosti (Official Gazette SFRJ 1/1974, loc. cit. Lekov, 1975, p. 12.

15 Official Gazette of the SFRY, 15/84.

16 As early as 1946, Yugoslavia separated the military from the civil security and intelligence services. Their activity was governed by the "Law on People's Defense" and the "Law on the Performance of Internal Affairs within the Competence of Federal Administration Organs."

17 The Service for Investigation and Documentation (SID) of the Federal Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of the SFRY was defined by law as a part of the state security system. It was both an intelligence and a counterintelligence service. It used to operate through Yugoslav diplomatic missions and consular posts.

18 Dušan Bilandžić (1985). Historija SFRJ. Glavni procesi 1918.-1985. Zagreb: Školska knjiga. pp. 330-331.

19 Official gazette of the SFRY, 9/74.

20 Bilandžić, D., 1985.

21 The SFRY Constitution, Savremena administracija Beograd, 1974.

22 Official gazette of the SR BIH, no. 4/74.

23 The BIH Constitution. Novinsko izdavačka organizacija Službeni list SR BIH, Sarajevo, 1989, p. 7.

24 The Service operated on the resolutions and decisions taken by Party committees, as stressed in the conclusions of the 4th CK SKJ plenary. Therefore, the political and legal responsibility for the actions taken by security and intelligence services of the former Yugoslavia against its citizens - from murders to different forms of terror and undermining of fundamental human rights - lies with the Presidents and members of committees who decided the services' functions.

25 SR BIH, R SUP, SDB, Centar Mostar, no 01-424/2 of September 19, 1967.

26 It is interesting today to observe how the patrons and writers of these theses have become the standard of democracy in the former Yugoslavia, and how they passionately boast of their political option for an unconditional Euro-Atlantic integration and admission into NATO.

27 SR BIH R SUP SDB, Izvještaj o radu Službe državne bezbjednosti RSUP-a SR BIH u 1986. godini, Sarajevo, January 1989.

28 Idem

29 Idem

30 Idem

31 Idem

32 The methods of discrediting, creating dissension, and degrading one's enemy with the aim of neutralizing him, have been used with particular success by the "intelligence underground" gathered around several influential weeklies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as Croatia, in the past five years.

33 SR BIH RSUP SDB Izvještaj o radu Službe državne bezbjednosti RSUP-a SR BIH u 1986. godini, Sarajevo, January 1987.

34 Idem

35 Idem

36 Dosjei UDBE o hrvatskoj emigraciji iz BiH, Bonitas, Prozor, LAUS, Split, 2000, pp. 9-12.

37 Idem, pp. 441-442.

38 At the end of the war, Yugoslav partisan forces killed many prisoners, soldiers, and civilians. OZNA and KNOJ (predecessors of UDB and SDB) are held responsible for these crimes.

39 Slobodna Dalmacija of 15 August 2000. Feljton: Hrvati u inozemstvu žrtve državnog terora poslije 1945. godine. Iz materijala Komisije Hrvatskog državnog sabora za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava. p. 10.

40 Službeni list SFRJ, poverljivo glasilo, br. 18, Belgrade, 27 July 1990.

41 Pravilnik o unutrašnjoj organizaciji Službe državne bezbjednosti Republičkog sekretarijata za unutrašnje poslove Socijalistieke Republike Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo, March 1990.

42 SR BIH Izvršno vijeće Skupštine SR BIH broj: str. Pov. 21, Sarajevo, 1 March 1990.

43 SR BIH, RSUP, SDB, Sarajevo, no. 5248/1, 1 October 1990.

44 Idem

45 Karlo Rotim (1997). Obrana Herceg Bosne I. Široki Brijeg. pp. 295-297

46 Kronologija rata, 1989-1998, HIC, Zagreb, 1998, pp. 74-93.

47 Karlo Rotim (1998). Obrana Herceg-Bosne 2. Široki Brijeg. pp. 155-157.

48Nezavisne novine, Banja Luka, 1 September 2000, Omer Behmen "Tražio sam od generala JNA da izvrše vojni udar da bi se sačuvala Jugoslavija", pp. 15, 16, 17, and 38.

49 Markešić, Ivan, Opće političke i vojne prilike u BiH s posebnim osvrtom na Ravno, Humski zbornik 3, Ravno, Popovo, Ravno-Zagreb, 1997, p. 219.

50 Narodni list HZ H-B, no.1/92, pp. 2-3.

51 Srpska demokratska stranka BIH, Opštinski odbor SDS Mostar, no.: 01-53/91, Mostar, 3 September 1991

52 R BIH, MUP, CSB Mostar, SJB Mostar, no. 16-12/09, Mostar, 11 March 1992.

53 Markešić, Ivan, Opae politieke i vojne prilike u BiH s posebnim osvrtom na Ravno, Humski zbornik 3, Ravno, Popovo, Ravno-Zagreb, 1997, p. 207.

54 Sefer Halilović (1997). Lukava strategija. Maršal: Sarajevo, pp. 166-168.

55 Idem

56 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 26 March 1992, p. 5

57 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 6 April 1992, p. 2.

58 Karlo Rotim (1997). Obrana Herceg-Bosne 1.Široki Brijeg. pp. 520-521.

59 Idem, pp. 521-523.

60 CBS Trebinje, Telegram no. 2/92, 3 April 1992.

61 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 5 March 1992, p. 1.

62 The head of the Department for Defense Preparations of the Mostar State Security Center was granted permission from the head of the Center to go to Sarajevo, where apparently his family resided. He stayed in the encircled Sarajevo and soon became the second highest official of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

63 Narodni list HZ H-B, no. 1/92, pp. 64 and 66.

64 Narodni list HZ H-B, no. 1/92, p. 12.

65 Predsjednik Predsjedništva HZ H-B, no. 470, Mostar, 24 July 1992.

66 Narodni list HZ H-B, no. 6/92, p. 41.

67 Narodni list, HR H-B, no. 1/93, p. 6.

68 Milivoj Kujundžić, Zdravko Dizdar (2000). Hrvatska borba za opstojnost 1918-1998. Zagreb.

69 R BIH, HZ H-B, HVO Odjel obrane, br. 03-142/92, Mostar, 17 October 1992.

70 R BIH, HZ H-B, HVO Odjel obrane, br. 02-1-496/93, Mostar, 20 May 1993.

71 MO HR HB Mostar, 8 December 1993.

72 R BIH, HZ H-B, HVO, OO, br. 02-1-1057/93, Mostar, 31 August 1993.

73 Karlo Rotim (1997). Obrana Herceg-Bosne 1. Široki Brijeg. pp. 377.

74 The Development and Operation of the HVO Intelligence Service in the Homeland War, a presentation by the head of the Intelligence Department of the GS HVO, at the ceremony on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the service, 1 February 1997.

75 Narodni list HZ H-B, br. 1/93, p. 10.

76 Narodni list HZ H-B, br. 8/93, p. 188.

77 Narodni list HZ H-B, br. 15/94, pp. 578-590.

78 BIH HR H-B, MUP, Br. 03-1/23/94, Mostar, 25 July 1994.

79 Kronologija rata, Zagreb, 1998, p. 346.

80 BIH, HR H-B, Predsjedničko vijeće, br. PV-VI-020/95, Mostar, 21 June 1995.

81 The three delegations were headed by Miroslav Tuđman, Nedžad Ugljen and Ivica Lučić.

82 K. Rotim (1997), p. 423-425.

83 Božidar Bakotić (1998). Daytonski sporazum. Zagreb: Pravni fakultet u Zagrebu.

84 The persons who met were N. Ugljen and I. Lučić.

85 R BIH, Predsjedništvo, pr.broj: 1901/96, Sarajevo, 12 January 1996.

86 Idem.

87 Službeni list R.BIH, 17/96.

88 By virtue of the Constitution of the BIH Federation, adopted at the meeting of the Constituent Assembly of 30 March 1994, Muslims changed their ethnic name and called themselves Bosniaks.

89 Predsjednik, Predsjedništva BIH, br. 02-011-714/92, Sarajevo, 11 September 1992.

90 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 27 January 1998.

91 Dani, Sarajevo, September 1997, pp. 48-61.

92 Horizont, no. 38, Mostar, 10 September 1997.

93 Hrvatska riječ, Sarajevo, 10 February 1996, p. 8.

94 Hrvatska riječ, Sarajevo, 17 February 1996, p. 2.

95 Večernji list, Zagreb, 18 March 1996.

96 Vjesnik (AFP/HINA), Zagreb, 16 March 1996.

97 Ljiljan, Sarajevo, 27 March 1996, p. 4.

98 One of them, sentenced to 13 years of imprisonment, wrote an open letter to the President of the BIH Presidency, claiming that he had merely been executing the Director's orders.

99 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 1 October 1996.

100 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 17 August 2000.

101 BIH, FBIH, Kanton Sarajevo, Kantonalno tužilaštvo u Sarajevu, 5 October 1998.

102 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 1 October 1996. Nedžad Ugljen was Assistant to the AID Director.

103 Večernje novosti, Sarajevo, 7 October 1996.

104 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 15 February 1997, p. 10.

105 Nacional, Zagreb, 18 June 1997, pp. 7 and 8.

106 Idem.

107 BIH Predsjedništvo, Ured KZ, Broj: P-012/97, Sarajevo, 6 January 1997.

108 Court of Higher Instance in Mostar, Investigating Magistrate, broj: Ki-20/97, Mostar, 16 July 1997.

109 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 23 October 1999, pp. 19-21.

110 Službene novine F BIH, 1/94.

111 Službene novine F BIH, 15/96.

112 Službene novine F BIH, 01/99.

113 BIH Predsjedništvo, KZ , br: P-01-372-2/97, Sarajevo, 20 August 1997.

114 Members of the working group were as follows: Kemal Ademovia, AID Director; Ivica Lučić, Adviser in the Office of the Presidency Member; Asim Dautbašić, Assistant to AID Director; and Jozo Leutar, Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

115 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 19 June 1999. p. 8. The U.S. Administration delegated the long-time official of the American service William D. Marray and the attorney Dave Roseman to assist in this project.

116 Dnevni avaz, Sarajevo, 12 March 1998, p. 3.

117 Idem. HDZ President Božo Rajić stated that to him and to his party the AID was a force above society and the Constitution; therefore, it needed to be dissolved and not transformed.

118 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 17 December 1997, p. 7. The article entitled "Will AID Be Dissolved?" contained misinformation concerning Ivica Lučić, a member of the working group for the drafting of the Bill on Services, and concerning the removed AID Director Bakir Alispahić, who was at the time President of the Commission for Defense and Security of the House of Representatives of the FBIH Parliament. Apparently, the two of them were negotiating about the position of the AID, whether it should be dissolved. The purpose of the misinformation was to disrupt the professional cooperation between Lučić and Kemo Ademović, who was the current AID Director (Ademović and Alispahić were on very bad terms).

119 Oslobođenje, 18 December 1997. The denial did not refer to the fact that there had been no discussions on this issue, but rather that the Commission for Defense and Security did not have the competence to run negotiations concerning the AID restructuring. The denial made things more complicated, but the situation was nevertheless resolved.

120 BIH AID Broj: K1-4404, Sarajevo, 12 June 1998.

121 BIH, FBIH, Federalno ministarstvo pravde, broj: 03-021-1104/98, Sarajevo, 30 June 1998.

122 BIH, FBIH, Ured za zakonodavstvo Vlade FBIH Broj: 02-021-219/98, Sarajevo, 4 July 1998.

123 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 20 March 1999, pp. 5-11.

124 Idem.

125 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 3 July 1999, p. 4, by Senad Avdić.

126 Slobodna Dalmacija, Split, 17 March 1995. At its 26th meeting held on 16 March 1995, the Presidential Council of the Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna asked for an international arbitration of the sponsors of the Washington Agreement concerning the disappearance of General Vlado Šantić and the protection of the Croats in Bihać. The Council maintained that the responsibility for the fate of General Šantić lay with the Commander of the V Corps of the BIH Army General Atif Dudaković.

127 Oslobođenje, Sarajevo, 17 December 1997, p. 7.

128 BIH, FBIH, FMUP, Informacija, Broj: PP-1/1154-94/97, Sarajevo, 19 September 1997

129 Slobodna Bosna, Sarajevo, 25 July 1998, pp. 24-25.

130 Idem

131 Večernji list, Zagreb, 2 October 1996, A press release by the Mostar Police Department.

132 BIH, FBIH, Federalno ministarstvo pravde, Broj: 04-02-1691/2000. Sarajevo, 31 March 2000

133 BIH, FBIH, AID, Broj: K-2477, Sarajevo, 21 April 2000.

134 Idem

135 BIH, FBIH, Zakon o službi za obavještajno-sigurnosne poslove FBiH. (draft) Sarajevo, April 2000.

136 Idem